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Comics: INFINITE CRISIS - ZURÜCK ZUR GUTEN ALTEN ZEIT
Es gab eine Zeit nach dem 2. Weltkrieg als Superhelden-Comics unschuldig bunt und voll von verrückten Ideen waren. Die Schurken hatten beknackte Namen und bescheuerte Modus Operandi, Superman hatte einen Superhund namens Krypto, Captain America kämpfte gegen Nazi-Zombies, der Blitzjunge heiratete Saturn Girl (die beiden liebten sich schon lang!), Batman litt unter den Nachwehen seiner immens erfolgreichen TV-Serie aus den 60ern und glich eher einem Zirkusclown als dem düsteren Psychopathen, den wir kennen. Es gab keine Crossover, keine speziellen Cover für Sammler und Superhelden waren überhaupt eine komplett alberne Angelegenheit. Man kaufte diese Hefte an der Tankstelle oder im Supermarkt, wenn die Kinder wieder brüllten. Dann kamen die Hippies und Robert Crumb und etwas später die Punker und plötzlich sah Superman ungefähr so alt aus wie Yes im Vergleich zu den Sex Pistols. Dann kam ein Boom von speziellen Comic-Shops, der eine Explosion der Independent-Landschaft nach sich zog.
Bei DC erkannte man das Potential der Multi-Crossover-Geschichte um vor allem in den Comicläden möglichst viele Fans zu mehr Konsum zu bewegen. Man musste im Gegensatz zu Marvel, die erst in den 60ern auf den Markt kamen, aber viel mehr tun um nicht gegen die Konkurrenz immer mehr an Boden zu verlieren. Zwischen 1975 und 1978 hatte DC 57 neue Titel auf den Markt gebracht und auf den Hype-Effekt des ersten Superman-Films gewartet, der sich allerdings kaum bemerkbar machen sollte. Ende 1978 wurden 65 Titel eingestellt und man beschränkte sich nur noch auf die Zugpferde. Batman wurde von Denny O’Neill, Jim Aparo und Neal Adams erfolgreich wieder zu einer düsteren Figur gemacht, aber Superman war ein echtes Problem. Wonder Woman war ein noch größeres Problem, von Green Lantern und Konsorten ganz zu schweigen. Problematisch war vor allem die Vielzahl von Parallel-Universen, die man erfunden hatte.
In den nächsten Jahren machte man in den geheimen Laboren der Marktforschung eine seltsame Entdeckung: Superhelden-Comics, die vorher von 8jährigen gekauft wurden, verkauften sich jetzt vor allem an Erwachsene. Superhelden wurden immer mehr zu einer Form von Nostalgie während die Jugend zunächst gar keine Comics mehr kaufte und sich dann umso mehr auf die Mangas stürzten, die der Lebenswelt von Teenies eher entsprachen als „Mega-Events“ wie „Superman küsst Wonder Woman“ oder „Batman bekommt den Hintern versohlt“. Machte man also mehr auf die Erwachsenen-Schiene. Immerhin haben 30jährige meistens auch mehr Kohle. Produzierte man also wieder viel zu viele Serien plus jede Menge Nippes, überreizte den Comicmarkt einmal mehr, ging wieder baden, stand wieder auf etc. Die Entwicklung von erwachseneren Themen und Superhelden mit „Mature Readers“-Label führte direkt zur aktuellen Identitätskrise der Superhelden.
Eines Tages muss dann jemand bei DC auf den Tisch gehauen und gesagt haben: „Wisst Ihr was, ich wünsche mir das alte DC-Universum von vor der Krise zurück. Mit einem moralisch einwandfreien Superman und einer Erde 2 mit einem gealterten Superman und Krypto dem Superhund und den alten Superboy ohne die Sonnenbrille und das ganze HipHop-Drumrum und das alte Supergirl mit ihrer Superkatze....“ Zwanzig Jahre nach „Crisis on infinite Earths“ musste man das Universum der Superhelden erneut auf den Prüfstand stellen. Alles war so schrecklich düster oder überzogen ironisch geworden. Green Lantern hatte sich zwischenzeitig als Ober-Superschurke entpuppt, war aber auf Bewährung wieder draußen. Batman war eine wandelnde Sammlung sämtlicher Psychosen, die man so haben konnte, Wonder Woman wollte keiner mehr so richtig haben, die Gerechtigkeitsliga hatte sich mal wieder aufgelöst und der Florida-Superboy mit Sonnenbrille ging langsam allen auf die Nerven.
by tommyblank, 19:34h
... comment
richard_reynolds, 2006-08-18 21:01
I'm impressed! You are WELL versed in your American comic book history, StErn!
Financial reports suggest that the American comic is dying a slow death, and it seems only a matter of time before the industry's corporate owners sign the orders tp cut off it's life support... Which brings us to the question, "Why, in face of the high profile demand for comic book TYPE entertainment (big budget Hollywood superhero films, video games, etc...) IS the American comic dying this ignoble and undeserved death!?...especially when one takes into consideration the ENORMOUS popularity of Japanese Manga in the US? In light of this evidence, it's obvious that American audiences HUNGER for quality comics! So... Why aren't they being given them by the US comic industry? The answer seems to me, in part, that our comic book dream factory has fallen prey to America's political and social realities. One can look in vain in the drug stores, newsstands, convenient marts and all the usual haunts of the comic book...they simply aren't there! Yep- One of the biggest causes of the death of the American comic book is the simple, cold fact that a fan, should he or she be so inclined to buy a comic, CAN'T FIND ONE TO BUY! Unless you go to a *shudder* comic book shop... The Direct Market, in my humble opinion, has driven the nail into the coffin of the already dying American comic book market! What seemed at the time to be a great idea, that of bringing the product directly to it's market, has unfortunately, spawned a cultural ghetto of speculative insiders, fan-boys & obsessive collectors who are taking the comic book FAR from it's roots of a cheap, vibrant POPULAR entertainment . Comic book shops have a well deserved reputation for being tabernacles of all that is geeky and NOT COOL! Sure, in big cities like Seattle, San Francisco and New York, one can find truly hip comic shops that will send a true comic aficionado into spasms of uncontrolled drooling (and feelings of profound financial inadequacy...) BUT-in much of the country, a visit to a comic shop means a choice of...well, Marvel or DC...DC or Marvel... ("We got both kinds-Country AND Western...") Today's comics are done BY fans, FOR fans to be read by people who probably read nothing else BUT(DC & Marvel) comics! This makes for a kind of endlessly self referential and insular literature that outsiders find incomprehensible. Add to that the Corporate American cultural trend towards conservative ideology, and you have a product woefully unattractive to the type of dreamy, creative kids who usually WANT to buy comics. Now, don't think for a second I'm dissing the value of "underground" culture. The "underground" and "independent" comic scenes are entirely different animals altogether...What we're talking about here is a MAINSTREAM art form that is no longer willing to, or capable of catering to it's mainstream audience. Contemporary TV animation has walked the creative vs. marketable tightrope marvelously. For instance, "The Simpson's" is undeniably mainstream (and even by my estimation rather conservative politically ) yet- it manages to be creative & subversive while still catering to the teeming masses. EVERYBODY loves the Simpsons...this feat has made Matt Groening a millionaire! The mainstream comic however, offers the worst of both worlds. A stodgy industry reluctant to experiment and frightened of change is doomed to endlessly re-live it's own myth, chasing a downward spiral towards it's own demise. (Sadly I can't think of a more perfect analogy for what's happening at large in modern America...Our country, like our mythology, is devouring itself!) No wonder kids prefer Manga! Whew! Another factor hampering our comics is the puritanical impulse for censorship that has always troubled American culture! As you probably know, child psychologist Dr. Fredric Werthem became, in the late '40's and early '50's, a one man force for the banning of comics in the US. Werthem scared the Hell out of a lot of parents with his theories that comics were the root of ALL juvenile crime and sold a lot of his own books in the process. His crusade led the comic industry, under the fear of government intervention, to create it's self-imposed "Comics Code Authority" which sanitized the American comic into mostly squeaky clean fare fit for the kids. This is why American comics never developed the older readership that the Franco-Belgian and Japanese comic industries did. So...here in the US we were stuck with Dennis the Menace, Donald Duck, Superman and the like. All FINE STUFF INDEED but...definitely for the kids...As the comic industry collapsed in the late '50's only Marvel and DC and a few others survived. Then in the early '60's, along came Stan Lee at Marvel and a bit later, Carmine Infantino at DC ...Both of them had literally grown up working in the comic industry. They LOVED comics, found themselves in positions of authority within the industry and set forth to re-vitalize an ailing art form to give the form they loved a final hurrah. They took what they had to work with, mostly super heros, and decided to go out with a bang by hiring the best talent they could find who were willing to work for the small fame and measly salaries traditionally alloted to comic book artists. It was the age of acid and Pop Art so they SURPRISINGLY but happily found an eager audience of hippies, college kids, and hip intellectuals anxious to groove on the cheaply obtained cosmic fantasies of Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko, and Neal Adams. This much needed "shot in the arm" propelled comics into the modern Corporate Age we live in now. In the late '70's Marvel and DC were both bought by larger parent corporations. Stan Lee was kicked upstairs to an advisory position and replaced by Jim Shooter, (the so-called "Richard Nixon of Comics" ) Poor Carmine Infantino was unceremoniously booted into the street by Warner's and replaced by the odious Jeanette Kahn-a woman who famously reported that she had never read a comic book in her life when she accepted the helm of America's largest and OLDEST comic company! I believe that mainstream comics never fully recovered from this double whammy of creative upheaval... Our tale is fraught with irony but one of the biggest ironies to me is that at the present time the US is AWASH with creative people just DYING to do comics...IN fact I think that some of the absolute best artists and writers ever to work in the form are currently practicing their trade! (JIm Woodring, Dan Clowes, Chris Ware, Richard Sala, etc...) Our art schools are turning out talented people in droves who have nowhere to peddle their considerable talent. We have independent publishers like Fantagraphics and Top Shelf, but these guys are struggling to keep their doors open and limited resources to publish the many who want to get their work to the public. Um...I just realized that I wrote a novel-length comment here so I'd better go..thanks for listening...keep up the good work and fighting the good fight at Popmoderne! ... Link
tommyblank, 2006-08-19 16:47
Why aren't comic shops more like bookshops?
Dave Sim wrote endless articles about this, back in the old days of "Cerebus"... I agree, comic shops are not cool at all because only idiots go there. People running these shops are scared to loose regular customers if they change something. The thing is, they're loosing way more customers by making these shops look like Toys'R'Us. You don't have to tell the Batman-fans that they can get Batman at a comicshop. Fanboys know that and they always find these places. This means, you don't have to decorate your shop with every single promo-poster Marvel ever produced. That only tells "normal customers" looking for a groovy birthday present they came to the wrong place. 95% of the population would never enter a comicshop because these places don't look like bookshops or recordshops, they look like toystores.
People like comics and there is a comic for any kind of taste. There a thrillers, romance comics, Fantasy, historical comics, all kinds of shit. You just don't see that stuff or it's hidden underneath 1200 copies of some superhero-title. Instead of promoting titles that might be interesting to the general public, decorating the window in a friendly way (with copies of the works of Will Eisner for example), doing a bit of cleaning and making things look open and friendly for everyone, comicshops always look like those fanboys are actually living in there. You don't find interesting new releases presented like a bookshop would do it or books sorted by some theme or genre. They're sorted by publishers! How stupid is that? The big problem is that the owners of these places are fanboys themselves. They turned their hobby into a business and they wanna hang out with other fanboys talking about The Punisher all day. I worked at a place like that, I know what I'm talking about. If you would have a guy who used to work at a regular bookshop opening a comicshop to fill a niche and also sell books on art, trash and pop culture or posters or whatever and make the shop not look like a fucking yard-sale, that place is more likely to make some profit because it's open to the public and not some kind of stinky hellhole for grown men who like Aquaman. It's strange that we have the same problem in comicshops over here even though superheroes are such an american thing and there are a lot of quality comics in Europe. You would think it's different over here, but it's not (except for "Grober Unfug" in Kreuzberg and "Pegasos" in Bremen of course). It's the same idiots who run these places and they WANT to sell superheroes because they like them. You gotta take comics away from comicshop-owners and put them back into the art context, separate the superheroes from everything else and put comicbooks where they belong: in a bookshop! ... link ... Comment
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